Can structural and functional characteristics be used to identify riparian zone width in southern Appalachian headwater catchments?

نویسندگان

  • Barton D. Clinton
  • James M. Vose
  • Jennifer D. Knoepp
  • Katherine J. Elliott
  • Barbara C. Reynolds
  • Stanley J. Zarnoch
چکیده

We characterized structural and functional attributes along hills lope gradients in headwater catchments. We endeavored to identify parameters that described significant transitions along the hills lope. On each of four catchments, we installed eight 50 m transects perpendicular to the stream. Structural attributes included woody and herbaceous vegetation; woody debris and forest floor mass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); total soil C and N; litterfall amount and quality by species; and microclimatic conditions. Functional attributes included litter decomposition, soil microarthropods, soil C~ evolution, soil solution chemistry, and soil extractable N. Forest floor mass, N and C, and soil depth increased with distance from the stream and transitioned between 10 and 20 m. In contrast, litterfall N rate (kilograms of nitrogen per hectare per day), downed woody debris, soil A-horizon C and N, and soil solution NO:l concentration all decreased with distance, and exhibited significant transitions. Certain overstory species were more abundant in the uplands than near the stream. Herbaceous diversity and richness were similar across the hillslope, but species distributions varied in response to hillslope moisture content. Taken together, these results suggest that at 10-20 m from the stream, transitions occur that separate riparian from upland conditions and may provide valuable insight into riparian zone definition. Resume : Nous avons caracterises les attributs structuraux et fonctionnels Ie long de gradients de pente dans des bassins versants de rete. Nous avons tente d'identifier les parametres qui caracrerisent les zones de transition importante Ie long des pentes. Dans chacun de quatre bassins versants, nous avons installe huit transects de 50 m perpendiculaires au cours d' eau. Les attributs structuraux incluaient la vegetation ligneuse et herbacee, la teneur en N et C ainsi que la masse des debris ligneux et de la couverture morte, la quantite totale de C et N dans Ie sol, la quantire et la qualite de la chute .de litiere par espece et les conditions microclimatiques. Les attributs fonctionnels incluaient la decomposition de la litiere, les microarthropodes du sol, l'evolution du C~ dans Ie sol, les caracteristiques chimiques de la solution du sol et la quantite de N extractible dans Ie sol. La teneur en N et C ainsi que la masse de la couverture morte et la profondeur du sol augmentaient avec la distance depuis Ie cours d'eau et subissaient une transition a une distance de 10 it 20 m. Par contre, Ie taux de N (kg N·ha-I·t l ) dans la chute de litiere, les debris ligneux au sol, la quantite de C et N dans I'horizon A du sol et la concentration de N03 dans la solution du sol diminuaient avec la distance et connaissaient d'importantes transitions. Certaines especes de l'etage dominant etaient plus abondantes en terrain eleve qu'a proximite des cours d'eau. La diversite et la richesse des especes herbacees etaient semblables Ie long de la pente mais leur distribution variait en fonction de la teneur en humidite Ie long de la pente. Globalement, ces resultats indiquent qu' it 10 it 20 m du cours d' eau, des zones de transition separent les conditions riveraines des conditions en terrain eleve et peuvent donner un ape~u interessant de la definition de la zone riveraine. [Traduit par la Redaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2011